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India's Supreme Court refuses to legalize same-sex marriage, says it is up to govt_我的网站

一 |     NEW DELHI -- India’s top court on Tuesday refused to legalize same-sex marriages, passing the responsibility back to Parliament in a ruling that disappointed campaigners for LGBTQ+ rights in the world's most populous country. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud also urged the government to uphold the rights of the queer community and end discrimination against them. Earlier this year, the five-judge bench heard 21 petitions that sought to legalize same-sex marriage. Chandrachud said there were degrees of agreement and disagreement among the justices “on how far we have to go” on same-sex marriages, but a majority of the judges agreed that the court cannot grant LGBTQ+ people the right to marry as that is a legislative function. “This court can’t make law. It can only interpret it and give effect to it,” the chief justice said, reiterating that it was up to Parliament to decide whether it could expand marriage laws to include queer unions.One of the petitioners, Mario da Penha, said it was “a day to be disappointed but not to lose hope.”“There's been tremendous work that has gone into these petitions, and many hopes and dreams of the queer community attached to them - to lead lives that most other Indians take for granted. The fact that the dream could not come to fruition today is a disappointment for all of us,” he said.He added that it was not yet clear if the court had set a mandate or timeline for Parliament to act. “Without that mandate, there is no pressure on Parliament to enact any legislation.”“There are queer couples today that are already families and in relationships, and are pillars of society. That they are not afforded the dignity and rights that they are due is deeply disappointing,” said Karuna Nundy, one of the lawyers representing the petitioners. Legal rights for LGBTQ+ people in India have been expanding over the past decade, mostly as a result of the Supreme Court’s intervention. In 2018, the top court struck down a colonial-era law that had made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison and expanded constitutional rights for the gay community. The decision was seen as a historic victory for LGBTQ rights, with one judge saying it would “pave the way for a better future."Despite this progress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government resisted the legal recognition of same-sex marriage and rejected several petitions in favor. During the hearings, the government argued that a marriage is only between a biological male and a biological woman, adding that same-sex marriages went against religious values and that the petitions reflected only “urban elitist views”. Religious groups too had opposed same-sex unions, saying they went against Indian culture.Adish Aggarwala, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, said the court had done the right thing by recognizing that this was a job for Parliament, an argument the government also made during the hearings. Lawyers for the petitioners argued that marriage is between two people, not just a man and woman. They said concepts of marriage have gradually changed with time and laws should acknowledge that. By not recognizing such unions, the government was depriving same-sex couples of their right to equality enshrined in the constitution and rights enjoyed by married heterosexual couples, from adoption and medical insurance to pensions and inheritance, they argued. “This court needs to push society to acknowledge same-sex marriage,” one of the lawyers said.Petitioners were hopeful that the Supreme Court could challenge the government’s position.But even as some of the justices urged that the state must make sure queer couples don't face harassment or discrimination in accessing basic needs, like opening a joint bank account, they stopped short of granting legal recognition to same-sex unions. Instead, the court accepted the government's offer to set up a special panel that will explore granting social and legal benefits to same-sex couples. Homosexuality has long carried a stigma in India’s traditional society, even though there has been a shift in attitudes toward same-sex couples in recent years. India now has openly gay celebrities and some high-profile Bollywood films have dealt with gay issues. According to a Pew survey, acceptance of homosexuality in India increased by 22 percentage points to 37% between 2013 and 2019.But same-sex couples often face harassment in many Indian communities, whether Hindu, Muslim or Christian.India is estimated to have at least 2.5 million LGBTQ+ people, according to government figures from 2012. However, gay rights activists and global estimates believe they number at least 10% of the population, or more than 135 million.In May, Taiwan became the first jurisdiction in Asia to recognize same-sex marriages. In July, Nepal's Supreme Court issued an interim order enabling the registration of same-sex marriages for the first time. It is still not clear when the court would make its final decision on the case.。    Raaj Kamal Films International marked Rajinikanth’s fifty years in cinema and his seventy-fifth birthday with a heartfelt video tribute that revisits one of Tamil cinema’s most enduring creative partnerships. Shared on the production house’s official social media handles, the video stands as a warm salute from Kamal Haasan and his banner to a fellow icon who has walked alongside him through five decades of cinema.Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth share a rare bond shaped by time, trust, and mutual respect. They have appeared together in eighteen films, a collaboration that began with Apoorva Ragangal in 1975, which also marked Rajinikanth’s debut as an actor. Over the years, their journeys diverged in style and persona, yet remained deeply intertwined within the history of Tamil cinema.          .@RKFI extends heartfelt birthday wishes to @rajinikanth.His friendship with @ikamalhaasan remains one of themost treasured bonds in Indian cinema.#Rajinikanth #KamalHaasan#HappyBirthdayRajinikanth #HappyBirthdayThalaivar @turmericmediaTM @magizhmandram pic.twitter.com/weGvadDQGB     — Raaj Kamal Films International (@RKFI) December 12, 2025               A tribute rooted in shared memoriesThe video opens with a still from Ninaithale Inikkum released in 1979, featuring both Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth. The image itself carries recent significance as it was earlier shared in August ahead of the release of Coolie, instantly sparking nostalgia among fans. From there, the tribute travels back to some of the most formative years of their careers.Several moments from films shaped by legendary filmmaker K Balachandar form the emotional spine of the video. Scenes and stills from Apoorva Ragangal, Moondru Mudichu, and Avargal are featured prominently, reminding viewers of a time when both actors were evolving performers finding their voices under the guidance of a master storyteller. These films remain cornerstones of Tamil cinema, not only for their craft but for the raw energy of two future legends sharing the frame.The video also briefly recreates a moment from Bharathiraja’s 16 Vayathinile through AI generated visuals. The choice adds a modern touch to the tribute while paying homage to a film that redefined realism in Tamil cinema and played a key role in shaping Rajinikanth’s early image as an unconventional performer.          Beyond films and into cultural legacyBeyond film clips, the tribute extends into moments captured at public events and celebrations that have become part of Tamil popular culture. Footage from milestones such as Kamal 50 and appearances at the Vikatan Awards highlight the camaraderie between the two stars off screen. These glimpses reflect a relationship that has endured competition, changing eras, and individual superstardom without losing its warmth.Ahead of the video release, Kamal Haasan also took to social media to wish Rajinikanth on his birthday. His message was simple yet deeply personal, acknowledging both the passage of time and the scale of Rajinikanth’s contribution to cinema. He wrote that it marked seventy five years of a remarkable life and fifty years of legendary cinema, signing off with a birthday wish to his friend.The tribute from Raaj Kamal Films is less about spectacle and more about shared history. It reminds audiences that before the myths, the mass moments, and the towering fan followings, Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth were contemporaries growing together within the same cinematic ecosystem. In celebrating Rajinikanth, the video also quietly celebrates an era of Tamil cinema that shaped generations of storytellers and viewers alike.Also Read: Tamil Cinema Bids Farewell to AVM Saravanan, A Producer Who Shaped Generations。

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