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Russia's Ouster From WTO Would Jeopardize West & Global South's Development, Scholars Warn_我的网站

A |     "[O]usting Russia from the WTO would have a number of negative consequences, for Russia, of course, but also for other WTO countries, and even more so for all those countries that to date have been benefiting from the Russian WTO membership, particularly as regards the oil market and a number of industrial or consumer goods," says Sergio Rossi, professor of macroeconomics and monetary economics at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland.,Since its accession to the WTO, Russia has helped integrate Eastern and Asian countries into global trade and contributed to economic growth as well as firms’ profits, notably in those Western countries that imported a lot of Russian oil, iron, and steel, according to Rossi.,"The Russian participation in the WTO enlarged the spectrum of the latter so that it now covers all major economies around the world," the academic emphasizes. "On geopolitical grounds, it also helped counterbalance the US power, contributing to reducing the asymmetries and the monetary dominance of the US dollar at the global level. For the EU, Russia’s participation in the WTO gave rise to two major benefits. On the one hand, the EU member countries have been in a position to increase their exports to Russia, hence also the EU firms’ profits. On the other hand, these countries’ economies benefited from a huge reduction of their importing costs, as regards different trade barriers (tariffs and patents in particular).",The professor notes that Russia's impact on trade and investment within the framework of the WTO has been positive, given that it facilitated the expansion of foreign trade across the global economy, thereby creating jobs and investment opportunities for a number of Western countries.,Similarly, Russia's WTO membership has played a crucial role for the Global South as Moscow has often thrown its weight behind developing countries, highlights Dr. Anuradha Chenoy, professor of the Center for Russian and Central Asian Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University.,"Russia has been a responsible member of the WTO," Chenoy stresses. "On many issues Russia sided with the countries of the Global South, because of rules like ‘Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights’ and patents were not in favor of developing countries. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, India and South Africa proposed an exceptional and temporary waiver on COVID vaccines, which were under patent by Western pharmaceuticals. Many countries of the South backed India and South Africa’s demand. So did Russia. But the Western block did not allow the patent regime to be diluted and big corporate profits continued. Many people in the South could not get the vaccine as a consequence.",RussiaMoscow Calls for Joint Work on Resolving Trade Issues Within WTO to Solve Food Crisis21 May, 18:42 GMT,Russia's Ouster From WTO is Highly Unlikely,The Russian Federation has been a member of WTO since 22 August 2012. Prior to that, it had worked hard for 19 years to meet the organization's requirements. After the beginning of the special operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine, Russia was stripped of its "most favored nation" status, with some Western nations calling for the removal of the country from the international entity. However, as Reuters explained back in March, "expelling Russia, which joined the WTO in 2012 after 19 years of negotiations, would be extremely difficult as there is no specific expulsion process.","Ousting Russia from the WTO is not possible under the current WTO Agreement, as it does not encompass such a possibility," says Rossi.,He points out that Russia could be expelled only if two-thirds of the 164 WTO member countries backed such a decision which is highly unlikely. Neither China nor many other countries, including BRICS members, will ever agree to expel Russia "in light of economic advantages these countries benefit from having Russia within the WTO," according to the academic.,For his part, Chenoy underscores that Russia's hypothetical expulsion could create a disturbing precedent which "would be harmful for global trade and the rules-based order and international law.",EconomyUS Attempts 'to Strangle and Cripple' Russian Economy With Sanctions Failed, Russian Ambassador Says19 August, 10:49 GMT,Meanwhile, Russian lawmakers have also weighed the pros and cons of Russia's WTO membership. In April, State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin instructed relevant chamber committees to study the advisability of Russia's presence in the organization. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation and Liberal Democratic Party of Russia advocated for the nation's withdrawal from the WTO, arguing that Russia's accession to the WTO has made the nation's enterprises less competitive than their Western peers and failed to shield the country from Western sanctions.,For his part, Minister of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov argued on May 5 that Russia's exit from the WTO would, in particular, deprive the country of the opportunity to develop new rules for global trade. In addition to that, the WTO still remains an important tool to support Russian exports, the minister wrote in a letter, obtained by Russian media outlet RBC.,Controversies pertaining to the WTO were also discussed by BRICS members during the group's 14th summit in June. The leaders of BRICS states agreed to pursue "the necessary WTO reform" to build an open world economy and called on all WTO members to avoid unilateral and protectionist measures that run counter to the spirit and rules of the WTO.,"This WTO reform is welcome," says Rossi. "This reform should include also an agreement to dispose of the actual international monetary disorder, which is the result of the US dollar dominance that allows the United States to record enormous ‘trade deficits without tears,’ as the French economist Jacques Rueff noticed in the 1950s – that is, shortly after the 1944 Bretton Woods agreements, which put the US dollar at the center of the current international monetary regime. Time has come to get rid of this monetary disorder, which is a factor of financial instability and crises as well as of geopolitical turmoil across the global economy.",RussiaGlobal Power Shifting Away From West, While BRICS Expanding & Increasing Legitimacy14 July, 16:45 GMT,How West Has Shot Itself in the Foot,Meanwhile, the decision of the US, the European Union, Japan, and Canada to strip Russia of its "most favored nation" trade status will have a long-term negative impact on the global economy, according to Rossi.,"The global economy will suffer from this decision, because there will be an increase in the costs of foreign trade for all countries involved," the academic forecasts. "For instance, importing Russian oil and iron in the EU will cost more, as the importing firms will have to pay higher tariffs, which they will transfer to the so-called ‘global value chain’ through a higher mark-up of their own production costs.",As a result, one might expect "a mushroom growth of consumer prices, which – as we can observe now – implies a number of negative consequences for all stakeholders, particularly for the poor and the middle class, but also for small as well as medium-sized firms in Western countries," Rossi notes.,Europe is struggling to tame galloping inflation, which has been further accelerated by the anti-Russia energy embargo. The annual inflation rate in the EU climbed to a record high of 9.8% in July, according to Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. Likewise, inflation among the Eurozone countries hit a new high of 8.9%. The lowest annual rates were registered in France, Malta (both 6.8%) and Finland (8.0%), while the highest annual rates were recorded in Estonia (23.2%), Latvia (21.3%), and Lithuania (20.9%).,For its part, Russia won't be affected as dramatically as the West, as it is increasingly turning to the East and South, which can be bigger beneficiaries of trade with Russia, who is a prominent supplier of hydrocarbons, commodities, wheat, etc., according to Chenoy. Similarly, Russia's development within the BRICS framework is promising to be beneficial for the country and its partners.,"Countries of the BRICS together have a bigger GDP combined now than the G7 countries," Chenoy notes. "Trade in national currencies, new transport corridors can help the BRICS grow even further."。    张承唐氢能区域试点核心工程加紧建设制氢、储运、输氢、用氢及实证平台等环节有序推进日报讯（记者宋平）张承唐氢能区域试点项目，是省唯一的国家级氢能区域试点。

B | 今年，试点核心工程进入开工建设期，并加紧建设，制氢、储运、输氢、用氢及实证平台等环节均按计划有序推进。这是一条跨越千里的“氢能大动脉”，将打造“张家口制氢枢纽、承德绿氢补给、唐山应用出口”的氢能产业协同体系。眼下，位于张家口市康保县的可再生能源制氢和液化工厂一期项目，整套大型制氢、压缩、储运设备已全部安装完毕。工作人员正分组对电解水制氢机组、压缩机组、各类公辅装置等进行通电联调。

C | 项目负责人王权介绍，作为华北地区重要绿氢供给基地，该项目立足康保县风光新能源装机资源，就地消纳本地富余清洁电力，实现清洁能源就近转化、就地利用，年内正式投产后可年产高品质绿氢1.2万吨。作为可再生能源制氢和液化工厂的二期项目，鸿蒙氢能科技离网制氢低温液化综合利用示范项目，已完成风光电源的构建和批复工作，年产14万吨的制氢工厂正在进行建设用地报批，同步办理环境影响评价报告、节能评估及永久使用草地手续。两期项目全部建成后，预计氢气年产值达33.4亿元，全产业链年产值达135亿元，每年可减少二氧化碳排放635万吨。长距离输氢，是当前氢能产业发展面临的现实困境。作为目前全国设计口径最大、输氢能力最强、钢材等级最高的纯氢输送管道，康保至曹妃甸输氢管道工程的进展备受关注。张家口海泰氢能科技有限公司是这项工程的规划建设方，该公司总经理白天明介绍，目前氢能的主流运输方式是用长管拖车运输高压气氢，但这种方式难以支撑氢气大规模应用。

D | 同时，液氢运输方式受制于液化成本和技术装备水平，短期内存在瓶颈。相比之下，管道输送则展现出巨大优势。据测算，管道输氢成本可降至每百公里每公斤0.5元。

E | 康保至曹妃甸输氢管道工程已于2025年10月正式启动，目前正在全力推进环境影响评价、水土保持评价工作。工程投用后，不仅可以输送氢气，还将起到储氢库作用。省能源局能源节约和装备处相关负责人介绍，带动全国氢能产业技术水平提升，也是张承唐氢能区域试点项目建设的重要任务。当前，电解制氢缺乏统一的检测标准与规范，制约了高性能氢能装备发展。为解决这一问题，建设投资集团有限责任公司拟建设规模化可再生能源制氢系统及装备多场景实证实验平台。

F | 目前，该平台已完成土建施工，正在进行各专业设备安装，预计9月至11月开展设备单体及联合调试工作，建成后将形成可再生能源制氢一体化检测检验技术路线。按照试点建设计划，唐山低温低压蒸汽金属裂解制氢加氢一体站项目、张家口52兆帕铝内胆碳纤维缠绕气瓶氢气管束集装箱储运设备试点项目、唐山大容量高压气氢与液氢混合储存工程示范项目等，今年年底前将实现投产。张家口氢储能长时长效运行项目争取今年年底前达到兆瓦级发电状态。省能源局能源节约和装备处相关负责人介绍，到2028年，张承唐氢能区域试点将全面形成“制储输用研”全链条产业生态，助力京津冀能源结构转型，为全国跨区域氢能产业协同发展提供可复制的“张承唐样板”。

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